I've advised you before that I was rescued from the Army's basic training requirement back in 1966 and sent to Intelligence, instead. And please, no jokes about Army Intelligence. Not since I was sent there, anyway.
I was sent to Fort Belvoir, Virginia and trained to be a "spook." A spy. No, not the James Bond type of spy, with a license to kill and all that, but more like an analyst. A guy whose job it was to try and do it to the Russkies before they did it to us. For this was back in the late 1960's and I was a soldier. During the Cold War. Stationed in West Germany.
You may not know it but the Fulda River divides Germany East from West. And it runs through a deep gorge called the "Fulda Gap." Everything back then on the east of this River valley was called "East Germany." And everything west of this River was called "West Germany." It seems simple, but that's the way it was.
The Soviets had their T-150 tanks lined up cheek by jowl, from north to south, all pointed across the Fulda Gap at us. And we had our old Sherman and much newer Abrams tanks lined up cheek by jowl, north to south, all pointed at them. This was in the Grafenwoer region, where little towns dotted the map. This was one of the worst places to be stationed. It was mud up to your knees next to the River. Cold, gray, misty, rainy, nasty, and crappy. Our soldiers were miserable. Serving as our first line of defense against a Soviet attack was hard, thankless work.
A nice little war would have been a welcome relief to these soldiers.
Now, my team wasn't there. Our soldiers were. They lived in their tents. These soldiers would get a weekend off once a month and head into the nearest town. Their tanks would roll into town and the natives would hide under their beds. Our guys would get drunk and get in fights and wind up in jail. Massive grief. You didn't want any part of it. I certainly didn't, and thankfully never had to deal with it personally. I was located in a HQ operation about 70 miles away. And one day was asked to find an answer to a nagging question.
For purposes of background, if you've been following the news lately, you know that Prez. Trump has theatened to punish NATO for their incalcitrance by moving some of our 32,000 troops out of Gemany. We had some 63,000 soldiers in West Germany when I was there. They were costing us Big Bucks, each and every month, as our troops are now. For their pay, food, clothing, housing, safety and operations.
Our arrangement with the Germans was then as it is now. We were there as a liberating, but victorious force, having kicked their ass durng WW2. Stationed as a backstop in the event the Soviets decided to launch an attack. But Army Intelligence was tasked with somehow reducing the number of troops there, even while facing down our enemy.
The Army had even come up with an answer of sorts with "REFORGER." That stood for "RE(turn) of FOR (forces) to GER(Germany)." We'd been doing it for a couple of years, filling up smallish C-141 Starlifter cargo planes with combat ready troops. We even declared we'd return 5,000 troops over a weekend in 1968 to show those Russkies we were ready for them. And we did. What a joke! Several Starlifter flights, from Fort Riley, Kansas, each with 70 troops, flew into Frankfurt and Furstenfeldbruek (Munich) over a 72 hour period. To be united with our forces in Grafenwoer, as a part of "Operation Carbide Ice." The troops we flew in, for that weekend, plus the ones already there. It worked. We had a bunch of troops there. Everyone celebrated with a brass band. Literally.
Whoopie!
I don't want to demean that accomplishment, but it was sort of meaningless, given we'd declared our goal of reducing our troop footprint in Germany. From 63,000 to more like 32,000, or what it is now. And we needed a more meaty display of our capabilities to show those pesky Russians. After all, it's not like they weren't watching all this unfold. They could read the newspapers, too. And the Powers That Be decided to develop that answer.
The Army gave the job to Army Intelligence. Each higher-up gave this hot potato to a junior officer. And each continued handing it down the line. Until it came to me. "Here, Cassity, make this happen!" For whatever reason they decided I could do it.
So I did.
I'd actually been paying attention to this matter for some time. I was stationed at Germersheim Army Depot (GAD), just outside Heidelberg, where all the wheeled vehicles were stored, so I could guage our capability to wage war once we got all the soldiers on the ground. But how to get them here? See if you like my suggested solution.
We had some 31 C-5A Galaxy air frieghters in our inventory back then (1969) (many more today). Each of these giant planes* could easily hold 273 combat-ready soldiers in the main body of the aircraft down below, and another 76 in the area up above. For a total of 349 soliders fully loaded. And if we were willing to make them uncomfortable, we could stretch the payload to 400. And they could travel at 570 mph all day and all night.
And we had hundreds of thousands of active duty soldiers and National Guardsmen stationed in the United States. Many of whom were located at or within 100 miles of three main forts: Fort Riley, Kansas, in the center, Fort Dix, New Jersey, in the East, and Fort Lewis, Washington out West. So I asked myself, self? How quickly could our fighting men and women get themselves to each of these forts after receiving orders to do so? After kissing their significant others goodbye, how quickly could they be at the nearest fort, ready to fly?
And my answer to myself was 12 hours.
So if we provided orders to soldiers to make it to these Army forts, how quickly could we move 100,000 soldiers to Stuttgart, West Germany, to replace those we were contemplating moving back home? How quickly could we be at full wartime readiness after moving thousands of troops back to the German theater of operations from which they'd just been removed?
The Fort located nearest to Stuttgart was (GAD), the location of all the Army's rolling stock and where I was stationed. Its tanks, tank retrievers, Duece-and-a-halfs (2 and 1/2 ton trucks), jeeps and other wheeled vehicles were oiled up and gassed up and ready. Maintained for just such an occasion. Alongside millions of gallons of fuel. These war machines were stored at GAD only 70 miles from Stuttgart, and waiting to be needed. All the stuff for an Army to be ready to defend Germany and Europe. The troops would fly into Stuttgart, then travel to GAD for their tanks and trucks, then go kick Russia's ass. And the answer?
If we had those C-5's "hot-lapping," or the 7 to 11 hour flights on a quick turnaround status, (fly, fuel up, return, load up, and fly again), and the planes were all full of soldiers, we could transport the 100,000 to Stuttgart, move them to GAD, and have them battle-ready in less than 4 days. Or, a long weeked.
My Readiness Plan Analysis was accepted by the generals as offered. It was used as the answer to the Department of the Army's challenge. And we started reducing our "footprint" in W. Germany soon thereafter. From the 63,000 down to only about 40,000 even back then. And, as I have said, since the Soviet Union fell, a total of only 32,000 today. And President Trump just ordered a further 5,000 reduction recently. Although those troops may be ordered to either Poland or perhaps Serbia. But removed from Germany, nonetheless.
The Germans are pissed about this. Just imagine how much of a positive impact on their economy 5,000 soldiers' paychecks have every month? They've been taking advantage of us for decades, asking us to protect them at our expense, while they've used the savings from not spending on war readiness and defense on other social programs. And its time to finally force them to pay for their own defense.
(You can verify all of this by Googleing the "Stars and Stripes" newspaper of January, 1969, under "Operation Carbide Ice" and "REFORGER 1"). The Good News is that we won the Cold War and were able to reduce the tensions over the Fulda Gap without resorting to my Readiness Plan. Thereafter, W. and E. Germany were reunited, the Soviet wall came down in '89, and now it's just called "Germany." But the Russians continue to represent a threat, forcing us to maintain troop levels, even though the Soviet Union was disbanded.)
This Plan was considered Top Secret for more than 50 years. I don't know why, but it was. It's not like the Russians were unaware. It isn't now. But interestingly, it was actually used by our civilian air transport executives at all the major airlines as the basis for their "Hub and Spoke" air movements used starting in the 1980's. Previous to which, planes to and from smaller regional airports, like Springfield, Missouri, to Springfield, Ohio, would go to and from these cities, back and forth, several times a day. Whether the planes had passengers to fly or not. Representing a significant cost and loss of revenue.
Now? They transport passengers in smaller planes to larger area airports, like Chicago's O'Hare and Ohio's Cleveland or Cinncinnati, then on in larger planes to their destinations from those airports. Even if they had to fly back over their home city to reach their final location (example: You would fly from Jefferson City, Missouri, east to St. Louis, Missouri, and hop onto a larger plane to your destination flying west to Kansas City, Missouri. Flying back over Jefferson City on the way). Saving the airlines $Millions every year. Many of us don't even realize we're being forced to use that plan, as it's been in place for nearly 40 years. Or if they do, they don't know who to blame. So blame me, if you wish. Although it's represented Billions in savings from a reduced troop footprint in Gemany, as well as from reduced ticket prices.
It's amazing how much authority and responsibility the Army will give a young man just because it thinks he can handle it (and because they don't want it). And it's amazing the things you can accomplish once you put your mind to it. And it was enjoyable to have the freedom and flexibility to put it all together.**
BTW, I received an Army Commendation Medal for my efforts on this exercize. This ARCOM is not freely given, especially to a one-term draftee soldier, so I'm proud of its receipt. I'll be happy to show it off the next time you visit me here at Fort Chuckmeister.
* The C5-A (now "M") has a fully loaded take-off weight of 790,000 pounds. More, even, than the A-380, which can carry up to 700 people. It makes a 747 look tiny. It's wingspan is 270 feet, almost as big as a football field and longer than the Wright Brothers' original flight. Its landing gear has 10 tires, each 10 feet tall. You can stand by a tire and not be able to reach the top of it. It makes our fleet of C-17 cargo planes, the replacement for the Starlifters, look like Piper Cubs by comarison. They have more than 4,000 sq. ft. of useful interior space. They are gigantic and I love them. Check them out and you will too.
** Want to grow your kids up real fast? This is my primary reason for recommending you send your kids off to the military before you send them off to college. They'll be older, wiser, smarter, and better able to deal with the challenges of life when they get back home. It worked for me. It might actually work for you and your kids, too...